| Topic | Details |
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| Topic 1 | - Understanding of OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities: This section measures the knowledge of security professionals regarding the OWASP Top 10, a standard awareness document outlining the most critical security risks to web applications.
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| Topic 2 | - Insecure File Uploads: Here, web application developers are evaluated on their strategies to handle file uploads securely, preventing attackers from uploading malicious files that could compromise the system.
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| Topic 3 | - Common Supply Chain Attacks and Prevention Methods: This section measures the knowledge of supply chain security analysts in recognizing common supply chain attacks and implementing preventive measures to protect against such threats.
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| Topic 4 | - Business Logic Flaws: This part evaluates how business analysts recognize and address flaws in business logic that could be exploited to perform unintended actions within an application.
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| Topic 5 | - XML External Entity Attack: This section assesses how system architects handle XML external entity (XXE) attacks, which involve exploiting vulnerabilities in XML parsers to access unauthorized data or execute malicious code.
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| Topic 6 | - Security Headers: This part evaluates how network security engineers implement security headers in HTTP responses to protect web applications from various attacks by controlling browser behavior.
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| Topic 7 | - Cross-Site Scripting: This segment tests the knowledge of web developers in identifying and mitigating cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities, which can enable attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users.
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| Topic 8 | - Input Validation Mechanisms: This section assesses the proficiency of software developers in implementing input validation techniques to ensure that only properly formatted data enters a system, thereby preventing malicious inputs that could compromise application security.
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| Topic 9 | - TLS Security: Here, system administrators are assessed on their knowledge of Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols, which ensure secure communication over computer networks.
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| Topic 10 | - TLS Certificate Misconfiguration: This section examines the ability of network engineers to identify and correct misconfigurations in TLS certificates that could lead to security vulnerabilities.
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| Topic 11 | - Cross-Site Request Forgery: This part evaluates the awareness of web application developers regarding cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks, where unauthorized commands are transmitted from a user that the web application trusts.:
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| Topic 12 | - Parameter Manipulation Attacks: This section examines how web security testers detect and prevent parameter manipulation attacks, where attackers modify parameters exchanged between client and server to exploit vulnerabilities.
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| Topic 13 | - Privilege Escalation: Here, system security officers are tested on their ability to prevent privilege escalation attacks, where users gain higher access levels than permitted, potentially compromising system integrity.
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| Topic 14 | - Same Origin Policy: This segment assesses the understanding of web developers concerning the same origin policy, a critical security concept that restricts how documents or scripts loaded from one origin can interact with resources from another.:
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| Topic 15 | - Authorization and Session Management Related Flaws: This section assesses how security auditors identify and address flaws in authorization and session management, ensuring that users have appropriate access levels and that sessions are securely maintained.
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| Topic 16 | - Code Injection Vulnerabilities: This section measures the ability of software testers to identify and mitigate code injection vulnerabilities, where untrusted data is sent to an interpreter as part of a command or query.
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| Topic 17 | - Security Misconfigurations: This section examines how IT security consultants identify and rectify security misconfigurations that could leave systems vulnerable to attacks due to improperly configured settings.
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| Topic 18 | - Security Best Practices and Hardening Mechanisms: Here, IT security managers are tested on their ability to apply security best practices and hardening techniques to reduce vulnerabilities and protect systems from potential threats.
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| Topic 19 | - Directory Traversal Vulnerabilities: Here, penetration testers are assessed on their ability to detect and prevent directory traversal attacks, where attackers access restricted directories and execute commands outside the web server's root directory.
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| Topic 20 | - Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR): This part evaluates the knowledge of application developers in preventing insecure direct object references, where unauthorized users might access restricted resources by manipulating input parameters.
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| Topic 21 | - Vulnerable and Outdated Components: Here, software maintenance engineers are evaluated on their ability to identify and update vulnerable or outdated components that could be exploited by attackers to compromise the system.
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| Topic 22 | - Encoding, Encryption, and Hashing: Here, cryptography specialists are tested on their knowledge of encoding, encryption, and hashing techniques used to protect data integrity and confidentiality during storage and transmission.
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| Topic 23 | - Password Storage and Password Policy: This part evaluates the competence of IT administrators in implementing secure password storage solutions and enforcing robust password policies to protect user credentials.
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| Topic 24 | - SQL Injection: Here, database administrators are evaluated on their understanding of SQL injection attacks, where attackers exploit vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary SQL code, potentially accessing or manipulating database information.
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| Topic 25 | - Brute Force Attacks: Here, cybersecurity analysts are assessed on their strategies to defend against brute force attacks, where attackers attempt to gain unauthorized access by systematically trying all possible passwords or keys.
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| Topic 26 | - Server-Side Request Forgery: Here, application security specialists are evaluated on their ability to detect and mitigate server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerabilities, where attackers can make requests from the server to unintended locations.
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| Topic 27 | - Information Disclosure: This part assesses the awareness of data protection officers regarding unintentional information disclosure, where sensitive data is exposed to unauthorized parties, compromising confidentiality.
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| Topic 28 | - Securing Cookies: This part assesses the competence of webmasters in implementing measures to secure cookies, protecting them from theft or manipulation, which could lead to unauthorized access.
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